![]() ![]() ![]() 5Īggravation of COPD worsens the situation, as muscular reserves in these individuals are limited. In addition, expiration becomes a struggle as more muscle work is required to expel the trapped air in the lungs. This condition is intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) or autoPEEP.ĪutoPEEP increases inspiratory effort due to the greater drop in intrathoracic pressure needed to bring the alveolar pressure below that of the atmosphere. The reduced expiratory airflow also causes air trapping at the end of expiration, producing alveolar pressures that are higher than atmospheric pressure before the next breath. The term dynamic hyperinflation is used to describe this phenomenon of increased lung volume and is associated with the increased work of breathing (WOB) and the hypercapneic state observed in the COPD patient. In contrast, EELV in individuals without COPD approximates the relaxed volume of the respiratory system. This increases the time required for exhalation, thus elevating lung volume and alveolar pressure end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) exceeds functional residual capacity. Airflow obstruction develops when the airway diameter is narrowed by bronchospasm, mucosal or interstitial edema, and mucus, causing dynamic airway collapse during exhalation. Pathophysiology of COPD Severe airflow obstruction that imposes a significant load on the respiratory system is a major manifestation of COPD. ![]() While noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV) is now considered the first choice for the treatment of selected patients experiencing COPD exacerbations, there are some patients for whom NPPV may not be suitable due to the severity of their conditions. 1 Ventilatory support of the patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) differs greatly from that of the ARDS patient and remains a challenge. The challenge of mechanically ventilating a patient with COPD can be met by preventing autoPEEP and dynamic hyperinflation.ĭuring the past 10 years, much of the focus in mechanical ventilation has been on preventing ventilator-induced lung injury and on optimizing care for patients with the preventing ventilator-induced lung injury and on optimizing care for patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |